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      <a id="while"></a>
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        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">while</span>
        </h2>
        <p>while — 
      A syntactic looping construction.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp168191232"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
      A syntactic looping construction.
   </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp168192480"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>while</strong></span>  condition <span class="command"><strong>do</strong></span>
    ... <span class="command"><strong>od</strong></span></pre>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp168265552"></a>
        <h2>Performance</h2>
        <p>
      The statements between the <span class="emphasis"><em>do</em></span> and
      <span class="emphasis"><em>od</em></span> form the body of a loop which is obeyed
      while the conditional remains true.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp168267680"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the while construction. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/while.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">while.csd</em></a>.
      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp168269456"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 1048. Example of the while opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out   Audio in</span>
-odac           -iadc    <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o ifthen.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="olabel">lab99</span><span class="op">:</span>
<span class="octrl">if</span> p4<span class="op">&lt;</span>0 <span class="octrl">goto</span> <span class="olabel">lab100</span>
  p4 <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op">-</span>1
  <span class="opc">print</span> p4
  <span class="octrl">goto</span> <span class="olabel">lab99</span>
<span class="olabel">lab100</span><span class="op">:</span>
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
  while p4<span class="op">&gt;=</span>0 do
    p4 <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op">-</span>1
    <span class="opc">print</span> p4
  od
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 1 1 4
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 1 4
<span class="stamnt">e</span>

<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><br class="example-break" />
            Its output should include lines like this:
      </p>
        <pre class="screen">
B  0.000 ..  1.000 T  1.000 TT  1.000 M:      0.0
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1:  p4 = 3.000
instr 1:  p4 = 2.000
instr 1:  p4 = 1.000
instr 1:  p4 = 0.000
instr 1:  p4 = -1.000
B  1.000 ..  2.000 T  2.000 TT  2.000 M:      0.0
new alloc for instr 2:
instr 2:  p4 = 3.000
instr 2:  p4 = 2.000
instr 2:  p4 = 1.000
instr 2:  p4 = 0.000
instr 2:  p4 = -1.000
B  2.000 ..  3.000 T  3.000 TT  3.000 M:      0.0
      </pre>
        <p>
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp168274880"></a>
        <h2>See Also</h2>
        <p>
      <a class="link" href="loop_ge.html" title="loop_ge"><em class="citetitle">loop_ge</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="loop_gt.html" title="loop_gt"><em class="citetitle">loop_gt</em></a> and
      <a class="link" href="loop_le.html" title="loop_le"><em class="citetitle">loop_le</em></a>.
      <a class="link" href="loop_lt.html" title="loop_lt"><em class="citetitle">loop_lt</em></a>.
      <a class="link" href="until.html" title="until"><em class="citetitle">until</em></a>.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp168280832"></a>
        <h2>Credits</h2>
        <p>John ffitch.</p>
        <p>New in Csound version 6.04</p>
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